Doctors Kenneth and Mamie Clark testified as expert witnesses in Briggs v. Elliott (1952), one of five cases combined into Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote in the Brown v. Board of Education opinion, "To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to ever be undone".
Emma Young 's short story "It is good Me" is a modern day version of the 1950s dolls experiment.

 

In  Memorial of  Janice McAlister