USGS scientists and contractors have meticulously documented the widespread redistribution of sediment in the Rito de los Frijoles area within Bandelier National Monument, NM, following severe wildfires and flooding events. These natural disasters have significantly altered the geomorphology of the region, primarily through catastrophic debris flows and floods.

The Jemez Mountains, where Bandelier National Monument is located, have experienced extreme wildfire activity in recent years. Such fires increase the susceptibility of landscapes to erosion due to the loss of vegetation and the destabilization of soil. When heavy rains follow these fires, they can trigger massive debris flows—fast-moving landslides composed of a slurry of rock, soil, organic matter, and water.

During their fieldwork, USGS researchers identified key locations where sediment erosion and deposition occurred. The team used a combination of aerial imagery, ground surveys, and sediment analysis to map these areas. The primary focuses were channels and catchment areas, which are particularly prone to significant sediment movement during heavy rains.

One notable finding in the Rito de los Frijoles was the extensive deposition of coarse material such as boulders and cobbles in the lower reaches of the streambed, suggesting that powerful debris flows had transported these materials from higher elevations. Meanwhile, fine sediment such as silt and clay was found in broad, flat areas adjacent to the stream channels, likely settling out as floodwaters receded.

The geomorphological changes documented have important implications for the ecosystem and park management. Sediment redistribution can alter water flow patterns, create new habitats, and impact plant and animal life. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for mitigating similar future events and for the rehabilitation of affected areas.

Understanding the dynamics of sediment transport in post-wildfire and flood conditions is crucial not only for local landscape management but also for anticipating broader ecological impacts. These findings underscore the heightened vulnerability of fire-affected landscapes to subsequent natural disasters, emphasizing the interlinked nature of these environmental extremes.