Not medical licensed advice . Always consult with your doctor:
New Treatments For Obesity


BMI: 25-30 : overweight  >30 Obese

WHO 2016 40% are over weight and 13% obese slightly higher in females . This is triple that in 1975


UK 2019 House of Commons Library  40% are overweight and 30% obese higher in middle aged and elderly men


NHS 2021: Children Obesity has gone up in 12 years from 19% to 25% 


The Surprising Link Between Chronic Inflammation & Obesity—Plus What You Can Do About It

May 5th 2021


Leptins are hormones produced by adipocytes that communicate with the hypothalamus to reduce eating. If you have too much leptin you become leptin resistant and do not stop eating. High leptin levels are also associated with  chronic inflammation.

Conversely losing weight reduces systemic inflammation.


 REVIEW article

Front. Physiol., 29 January 2020

Sec. Clinical and Translational Physiology

Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

Frederika Zatteral


The key mediator of inflammation in obesity is the innate immune system cell the macrophage that can account for up to 40% of adipose tissue and it differentiates into a pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage setting up chronic inflammation.


Obesity and Inflammation: A Vicious Cycle

Does obesity cause inflammation or does inflammation lead to obesity?

Jun 25, 2020

Jennifer Lutz


Obesity causes chronic inflammation via a chronic immune reaction initiated in the adipose tissue but inflammatory cells can go round the body. In addition gut inflammation may be a result also of the poor diet that led to the obesity.

We know that obesity has tripled in the last 50 years such that 40% of the western world are obese. In fact 75% are prediabetic.

Cardiovascular disease leading to cardiac disease and strokes, diabetes, cancer, depression, osteoarthritis all feed back and make it more likely you will continue to be obese.


Higher adiposity and mental health: causal inference using Mendelian randomization 

Francesco Casanova,Jessica O’Loughlin,Susan Martin,Robin N Beaumont,Andrew R Wood,Edward R Watkins,Rachel M Freathy,Saskia P Hagenaars,Timothy M Frayling,Hanieh Yaghootkar... Show more

Author Notes

Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 30, Issue 24, 15 December 2021, Pages 2371–2382,

 

There is a bidirectional relationship between depression and obesity.

Genetic sorting showed that it is obesity per se and not the metabolic unhealthiness due to the obesity such as diabetes that leads to depression.

That said diabetes from obesity causes depression although obesity itself causes systemic inflammation which is an independent risk factor for depression and cancer.

There are also huge psychosocial effects of obesity on mood.



Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

New England Journal Of Medicine March 2021

John P.H. Wilding,


Once a week subcutaneous Semaglutide reduced weight by up to 20%


Semaglutide is a GLP-1 agonist so suppresses Glucagon and increases insulin hence controlling blood sugar. It also slows gastric emptying  increasing satiety and acts on Receptors in the Arcuate Nucleus in the brain to increase satiety.

It is already licensed to treat Type 2 diabetes.

It also reduces the risk of cardiovascular complication in Type 2 diabetes and at a cellular level reverses atherogenesis. There is a question on worsening the risk of retinopathy.


Other GLP-1 agonists : Liraglutide Setmelanotide.





CpdFDA Approved Medication for treating Obesity



Phentermine, diethylpropion,benzphetamine, phendimetrazine , Orlistat, Phentermine/topiramate Qsymia, Bupropion/naltrexone, Semaglitide, Liraglutide, setmelanotide







Cpd Phentermine-topiramate: First combination drug for obesity

Int J Applied Med Res 2015

Singh et al


Phentermine is a centrally acting sympathomimetic that reduces appetite and topiramate enhances GABA ergic transmission reducing Dopamine Response to food.

This combination causes up to 10% weight loss maintained in 50% for 2 years.



The relationship between early weight loss and weight loss maintenance with naltrexone bupropion therapy.

THe Lancet Discovery Science 2022

Le Roux et al


Naltrexone blocks opiate receptors and bupropion (wellbutrin/zyban) blocks reuptake of dopamine  -reward pathways- .and noradrenaline . Weight loss is maintained at 1 year

Both medications enhance each other on feeding and satiety