Franz Kafka was born on July 3, 1883 in Prague, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to a middle-class German-speaking Jewish family. His father, Hermann Kafka, was a businessman who had a domineering personality that affected Franz his whole life. Franz grew up speaking German and he attended German schools in Prague where he excelled academically. He went on to study law at Charles University but was more interested in writing and literature.


In 1908, Kafka began working at an insurance company while dedicating his free time to writing fiction. His earlier writings were not published but he kept extensive diaries during this time. In 1912 he met Felice Bauer and they had an up and down engagement until 1917 when it was finally called off. Around this time Kafka was diagnosed with tuberculosis, an illness that would plague him for the rest of his life.


Kafka spent the World War I years working at a government-sanctioned institution for the worker's accident insurance company. After the war, his writing became more prolific as he struggled with his health and long work hours. Some of his most famous published works were written between 1912-1924, including "The Metamorphosis," "In the Penal Colony," and "A Hunger Artist."


By 1924 Kafka's health deteriorated and he took a leave from work to focus on recovery at health spas and clinics. It was during this time that he met Dora Dymant, with whom he spent the last year of his life in Berlin. Franz Kafka died on June 3, 1924 at the age of 40 due to tuberculosis. Though mostly unknown during his lifetime, in the decades following his death Kafka's works garnered great critical and popular acclaim. He is considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century.

Franz Kafka's influence on literature and popular culture has been profound and enduring. His unique writing style, characterized by surrealism, existentialism, and bureaucratic absurdity, has inspired countless writers, artists, and thinkers. Today, the term "Kafkaesque" is widely used to describe situations or experiences that are nightmarishly complex, bizarre, or illogical, often in relation to bureaucratic systems.

One of the reasons Kafka's work remains relevant is its exploration of themes that continue to resonate with modern audiences. His stories often deal with the individual's struggle against impersonal and oppressive systems, the search for meaning in an absurd world, and the alienation and isolation of modern life. These themes are particularly pertinent in today's world, where individuals often feel powerless against vast, complex bureaucracies and societal structures.

Kafka's works have been adapted into various forms of media, including films, plays, operas, and even video games. Notable film adaptations include Orson Welles' "The Trial" (1962) and Steven Soderbergh's "Kafka" (1991). In the realm of theater, the Royal Shakespeare Company's adaptation of "The Trial" (1970) and the Broadway production of "Metamorphosis" (1989) have garnered critical acclaim.

Kafka's influence extends beyond the arts and into various fields of study, such as philosophy, psychology, and political science. His works have been interpreted through various lenses, including Marxism, psychoanalysis, and postmodernism. Philosophers like Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre have cited Kafka as an influence on their existentialist thought, while psychologists have analyzed his works in relation to Freudian and Jungian theories.

In the realm of politics, Kafka's depictions of bureaucratic absurdity and the individual's powerlessness have been seen as prescient critiques of totalitarianism and the dehumanizing effects of modern bureaucracies. His works have been particularly resonant in the context of 20th-century history, with its rise of fascism, communism, and other oppressive political systems.

Today, Kafka's legacy is celebrated through various means, including the Franz Kafka Museum in Prague, which opened in 2005 and features exhibits on his life and work. The Franz Kafka Prize, established in 2001, is awarded annually to authors whose work is deemed to be of exceptional artistic quality and relevance to contemporary society.

Kafka's posthumous success is particularly remarkable given the fact that he was relatively unknown during his lifetime and had only published a handful of stories. Much of his work, including his novels "The Trial," "The Castle," and "Amerika," were left unfinished at the time of his death. It was only through the efforts of his friend and executor, Max Brod, who ignored Kafka's wishes to have his unpublished works destroyed, that his literary legacy was preserved and disseminated to a wider audience.

In conclusion, Franz Kafka's impact on literature, culture, and thought remains profound and far-reaching. His unique vision, which blended the surreal with the mundane and the personal with the universal, continues to resonate with readers and thinkers around the world. As long as individuals struggle against the absurdities and injustices of modern life, Kafka's works will continue to serve as a source of insight, inspiration, and consolation.